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This glossary will help you build complex mathematical equations using the Tex markup language. This will involve using @@ or $$ before and after the expression to display the desired results.

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04 DELIMITERS (PARENTHESES, BRACES,...)

braces

Syntax: \left{...\right}
Ex.: $$M=\left{a, b, c\right}$$ gives

$M=\left{a, b, c\right}$

delimiters (overview)

Delimiters (parentheses, braces, brackets. ...)
Command	Example	Result
\left(... \right)	$$2\left(a+b\right)$$	$2~\left(a+b\right)$
\left[... \right]	$$\left[a^2+b^2~\right]$$	$\left[a^2+b^2~\right]$
\left{... \right}	$$\left{x^2, x^3, x^4,... \right}$$	$\left{x^2, x^3, x^4,... \right}$
\left\langle... \right\rangle	$$\left\langle a,b~\right\rangle$$	$\left\langle a,b~\right\rangle$
\left\| ... \right\|	$$\det\left\|\array{a&b\\c&d}\right\| $$	$\det\left\|\array{a&b\\c&d}\right\|$
\left\\| ... \right\\|	$$\left\\|f~\right\\|$$	$\left\\|f~\right\\|$
\left{ ... \right. (note the dot!)	$$f(x)=\left{{x^2, \rm~if x>-1\atop~0, \rm~else}\right.$$ (\rm switches to roman style)	$f(x)=\left{{x^2, \rm~if x>-1\atop~0, \rm~else}\right.$
\left.{ ... \right\} (note the dot!)	$$\left.{{\rm~term1\atop\rm~term2}\right}=y$$	$\left.{{\rm~term1\atop \rm~term2}\right}=y$

Note: The delimiters are automatically sizes.

double vertical line (norm symbol)

Syntax: \left\|...\right\|
Exp.: $$\left\|af\right\| = \left|a\right|\left\|f\right\|$$ gives

$\left\|af\right\| = \left|a\right|\left\|f\right\|$

Keyword(s):

left only brace

Syntax: \left{...\right. (note the dot at the end!)
Ex.: $$f(x)=\left{{x^2, \rm~if x>-1\atop~0, \rm~else}\right.$$ gives

$f(x)=\left{{x^2, \rm~if x>-1\atop~0, \rm~else}\right.$

(\rm~something switches to roman style)

parentheses

Syntax: \left(...\right) or $...$
Ex.: $$2a\left(b+c\right)$$ gives

$2a\left(b+c\right)$

right only brace

Syntax: \left.{...\right} (note the dot!)
Ex.: $$\left.{{\rm~term1\atop\rm~term2}\right}=y$$ gives

$\left.{{\rm~term1\atop\rm~term2}\right}=y$

(\rm~something switches to roman style)

square bracket

Synatx: \left[...\right]
Ex.: $$\left[a,b\right]$$ gives $\left[a,b\right]$

vertical line (absolute value, determinant, ...etc. symbol)

Syntax: \left|...\right|
Ex.: $$\left|b-a\right|$$ gives $\left|b-a\right|$
Ex.: $${\rm~det}\left|\begin{array}{cc}a&b\\c&d \end{array}\right|$$ gives

${\rm~det}\left|\begin{array}{cc}a&b\\c&d \end{array}\right|$

("\rm~something" renders "something" in roman style)

Keyword(s):

05 SPACES

\_ (where _ is blank)

Ordinary whitespace to be used after a dot not denoting the end of a sentence
After commands without parameters use \~ (tilde) instead in order to avoid browser specific problems

Keyword(s):

\,

\, inserts the smallest predefined space in a formula
Equivalent: \hspace{2}
Ex.: $$a\,b$$ gives $a\,b$
Ex.: $$a~\hspace{2}~b$$ gives also $a~\hspace{2}~b$

Keyword(s):

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